Monday, 5 May 2025

What is a misfire and how to identify it

 


A misfire is an ignition failure in one or more engine cylinders. It occurs when combustion does not occur properly due to problems in the air-fuel mixture, ignition spark or cylinder compression. An engine with a misfire experiences unstable slowing, loss of power, excessive vibrations and, in some cases, exhaust smoke or irregular blasts.


Main causes of a misfire:


Failure in the ignition system


👉▪ Worn, dirty or poorly calibrated spark plugs.

👉▪ Defective ignition coils or cracked in insulation.

👉▪ Damaged or high strength spark plug wires.


Problems in fuel supply


👉▪ Obstructed injectors or with defective spray pattern.

👉▪ Fuel pump with insufficient pressure.

👉▪ Faulty fuel pressure regulator.


✍️ Mishaps in the air-fuel mixture


👉▪ MAF or MAP sensor with incorrect readings.

👉▪ Air intake not measured by a leak in the admission multiple.

👉▪ Oxygen sensor in bad condition, generating rich or poor mixture.


Failure in cylinder compression


👉▪ Burnt or poorly installed intake or exhaust valves.

👉▪ Loss of compression due to worn piston rings.

👉▪ Damaged back gasket, causing compression leaks.


OBD-II codes related to misfire and their meaning


OBD-II system records ignition faults with codes P0300 to P0312.


 Generic codes of misfire:


👉▪ P0300 - Random Misfire on Multiple Cylinders 

👉▪ P0301 - Misfire on Cylinder 1 

👉▪ P0302 - Misfire on Cylinder 2 

👉▪ P0303 - Misfire on cylinder 3 

👉▪ P0304 - Misfire on cylinder 4 

👉▪ P0305 - Misfire on Cylinder 5 

👉▪ P0306 - Misfire on cylinder 6 

👉▪ P0307 - Misfire on Cylinder 7 

👉▪ P0308 - Misfire on cylinder 8 


Specific misfire codes under certain conditions:


👉▪ P0313 - Misfire detected with low fuel level 

👉▪ P0314 - Misfire in a single cylinder, not specifying which

👉▪ P0316 - Misfire detected during engine start 


Diagnosis and solution of a misfire


✍️1. Scan the vehicle with an OBD-II to identify the specific code.

✍️2. Check the

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