An engine is a complex machine made of various components working together to convert fuel into mechanical power. Here are the most important parts and their functions:
1. Piston:
The piston moves up and down inside the cylinder, compressing air-fuel mixture and transferring combustion force to the crankshaft via the connecting rod.
2. Connecting Rod:
This rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It converts the piston's up-and-down (reciprocating) motion into rotational motion.
3. Crankshaft:
The crankshaft receives motion from the connecting rod and spins to transfer power to the transmission and wheels. It's a vital rotating component.
4. Camshaft:
The camshaft controls the opening and closing of intake and exhaust valves. It rotates in sync with the crankshaft and uses cam lobes to press on lifters or rocker arms.
5. Flywheel:
Attached to the crankshaft, the flywheel stores rotational energy and helps smooth out engine vibrations. It also assists in starting the engine and connecting to the clutch in manual vehicles.
6. Oil Sump (Oil Pan):
Located at the bottom of the engine, it stores engine oil. The oil is circulated through the engine to lubricate, cool, and clean moving parts.
7. Drive Belt (Serpentine Belt):
This belt drives accessories like the alternator, water pump, power steering pump, and air conditioning compressor. It's powered by the engine's rotation.
8. Cylinder Block:
The main structure of the engine where the pistons move. It houses the cylinders, coolant passages, oil galleries, and sometimes the crankcase.
9. Cylinder Head:
Sits atop the cylinder block and contains the combustion chamber, valves, and often the camshaft (in OHC engines). It seals the top of the cylinders.
10. Valves (Intake & Exhaust):
These open and close at the right time to allow air-fuel mixture in and exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber.
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